What can you do with a public health degree?
Public health professionals work to improve health and well-being among individuals,
communities, and populations. Graduates with a public health degree work in government
agencies, nonprofit organizations, health care systems, research institutions, and
global health organizations. Many students choose to continue their education in graduate
or clinical programs such as public health, medicine, nursing, or health administration.
Career Areas in Public Health
Please note that the field of public health is broad and these descriptions do not
include all areas or subfields. In addition, there is overlap among the areas described
below.
Population Health and Community Impact
Behavioral and Community Health
Helps people and communities stay healthy through health promotion programs that improve
knowledge, attitudes, skills, behaviors and/or creates healthier settings. Key topics
include nutrition, physical activity, substance use, mental health, sleep, etc.
Job Titles/Roles: Community Health Worker, Health Education Specialist, Program Manager/Coordinator,
Community Engagement Program Specialist, Workplace Wellness Coordinator, Health Communication
Specialist, Harm Reduction Outreach Specialist
Maternal and Child Health
Improves the health of mothers, children, and families through programs and services
that support wellness, prevent illness, and promote healthy development.
Key topics include reproductive health, access to care, and addressing social determinants
of health.
Job Titles/Roles: Maternal and Child Health Program Coordinator, Family Health Specialist, Family
Resource Coordinator, Women, Infants, & Children (WIC) Service Associate
International Health
Contributes to understanding and addressing health challenges in other countries,
in particular in low- and middle-income countries.
Key topics include food insecurity, access to clean water, addressing social determinants
of health, preparing for and responding to extreme weather and other emergencies,
protecting human rights, and reducing injuries.
Job Titles/Roles: Public Health Advisor, Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist, Humanitarian Health
Advisor, Program Manager/Coordinator
Science, Data, and Disease Prevention
Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Studies patterns of risk factors, diseases, and injuries; compares subpopulations;
and provides data to inform public health programs and policies.
Spans all public health topics.
Job Titles/Roles: Epidemiologist, Biostatistician, Data Analyst/Manager, Health Informatics Specialist,
Public Information Officer, Infection Preventionist, Clinical Research Coordinator,
Research Assistant
Environmental and Occupational Health
Protects people from environmental and workplace hazards.
Key topics include safe food, clean air and water, environmental justice, climate
change, disaster preparedness and response, injury prevention, occupational safety
and health, and zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (an area of public health called
鈥淥ne Health鈥).
Job Titles/Roles: Environmental Health Officer/Specialist, Health Inspector, Sustainability Manager,
Safety Coordinator, Emergency Management Specialist, One Health Researcher
Laboratory Sciences
Provides and coordinates public health laboratory services and reports data to community
and/or government partners.
Key topics include infectious diseases and identifying environmental hazards.
Job Titles/Roles: Laboratory Manager, Laboratory Technician, Program Coordinator, Quality Assurance
Specialist, Data Manager
Health Care Systems, Public Health Policy, and Program Leadership
Health Equity and Access to Care
Focuses on understanding and addressing differences in health outcomes across sub-populations.
Key topics include access to health care and other services/programs, addressing social
determinants of health, and social justice.
Job Titles/Roles: Patient or Client Care Coordinator, Health Disparities Researcher, Community Engagement
Specialist, Benefit Counsellor, Patient Navigator, Patient Relations Coordinator
Public Health Policy
Works to change policies in organizations and/or at the local, state, or federal level
to improve health outcomes.
Key topics include gun violence, road safety, food security, climate change, mental
health, consumer protection, and funding for public health programs and research.
Job Titles/Roles: Policy Specialist, Health Policy Analyst, Legislative or Policy Advisor, Advocacy
Manager, Community Organizer, Health Policy Researcher
Public Health Management
Leads programs or organizations working to improve public health. Contributions may
include supervising a team, leading grant applications, managing budgets, and coordinating
and reporting on grant-funded programs.
Spans all public health topics.
Job Titles/Roles: Health Program Supervisor, Administrative Officer, Executive Director, Grants Manager,
Program Coordinator
For additional career information on duties, education and training, pay, and outlook
for hundreds of occupations, visit the
Core Skills for Public Health Professionals
Adapted from the Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice.
Collaboration and Community Partnerships
- Work with various partners to solve health problems; partners may include neighborhood
groups, nonprofits, government agencies, health care organizations, researchers, and
companies
- Ensure programs and policies reflect the needs and voices of the community
- Consult relevant organizations and people in planning stages
Communication
- Clearly and accurately communicate health information to various audiences/sub-populations
to ensure that everyone can understand and act on the information
- Create culturally appropriate materials, talk (and listen) to community members, and
address misinformation
Data Analysis and Assessment of Needs and Outcomes
- Use data and evidence to identify areas of greatest need and help communities obtain
resources and support they need to stay healthy
- Collect and analyze health information or locate and use existing, reputable sources
Health Equity
- Identify and address health disparities, advocate for addressing social determinants
of health, and improve programs to reach under-served communities
- Reduce barriers and promote health among vulnerable sub-populations
Leadership and Systems Thinking
- Understand how different organizations, policies, and systems work together to affect
health
- Lead projects, guide partnerships, and develop innovative strategies to address complex
health challenges
Program Management and Funding
- Coordinate people, funding, and other resources to run public health programs effectively
and efficiently
- May involve applying for grants, managing budgets, coordinating teams, and/or evaluating
program performance
Policy Development and Program Planning
- Create and improve policies, programs, and services that support health
- Develop health initiatives, plan community programs, and evaluate how programs and
policies are impacting populations
Public Health Science
- Study trends in risk factors and health outcomes, evaluate interventions, and contribute
new knowledge to public health
- Analyze data and disseminate results to inform future evidence-based public health
programs/initiatives
Internships, Research and Fellowship Opportunities
Getting applied experience in your field is critical. The following resources will
allow you to learn more about your department鈥檚 opportunities and process, as well
introduce you to other major-specific internship posting resources. For information
and support finding and receiving an internship in your major, contact your department's
internship coordinator.
- 鈥揓ohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Federal Agencies (e.g., CDC, NIH, FDA, EPA, HRSA, SAMHSA)
- 鈥 social-impact job and volunteer opportunities
- Local County Health Departments (e.g., Baltimore County, Montgomery County)
- 鈥 Maryland Department of Health
- Considering interning abroad? Look for opportunities using the keyword "internship"
on or on .
Public Health Career Pathways and Opportunities
The resources below are a starting point for your job search. In addition to making
use of the internet to do research, we encourage you to talk to people in the fields
you are interested in (don鈥檛 forget to use 撸先生鈥檚 Tiger Mentor Network) to learn more about specific opportunities and organizations.
Career Pathways and Opportunities
Government and Public Sector Agencies
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Local and state health departments (e.g., Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore
City Health Department, Baltimore County Department of Health)
- Government agencies focused on environmental health, social services, and occupational
safety
- Roles: Address issues such as food safety, housing, workplace safety, and environmental
exposures
Health Care Systems and Clinical Settings
- Hospitals and health systems (e.g., Johns Hopkins Health System, MedStar Health, University
of Maryland Medical System)
- Roles: Support patient care, population health initiatives, quality improvement, and
hospital-based prevention programs
- Community Health Centers and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs)
- Roles: Provide preventive services to underserved communities, often focusing on access,
equity, and chronic disease management
- Health insurance organizations (e.g., CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, Kaiser Permanente)
- Roles: Work on population health management, care coordination, data analysis, and
programs that improve health outcomes and reduce costs
Nonprofit and Non-Governmental Organizations
Local and Regional Organizations:
Local and Regional Organizations:
Disease and condition-specific organizations (diabetes, Alzheimer鈥檚, hematology-focused
groups)
Roles: Develop education campaigns, support patient services, and contribute to advocacy
and research initiatives
Research and Academic Institutions
- Research efforts at universities, especially public health schools/programs
- Roles: Assist with study design, data collection and analysis, and dissemination of
research findings
- Schools of medicine
- Roles: Support population health initiatives, community outreach, research coordination,
data analysis, and health equity programs
Foundations and Philanthropic Organizations
Advocacy and Policy Organizations
Professional Associations and Networks
Private Sector and Industry
- Workforce wellness organizations
- Roles: Design and implement employee wellness programs, analyze health trends, and
promote preventive health initiatives
- Technology companies focused on health-related products and services
- Roles: Support digital health tools, data analysis, health education platforms, and
user-centered program development
- Health-focused consulting and data analytics firms
- Roles: Conduct program evaluations, analyze population health data, and inform strategy
and policy recommendations
Environmental and Global Health Organizations
Schools
- School systems (K-12 and higher education)
- Roles: Deliver health education, support wellness initiatives for students and staff,
and address behavioral and mental health needs
Public Health Major Example Resumes and Interview Questions
For major specific resume examples, we encourage you to look at the Example Public Health Resume (PDF) in addition to our Example Resume Database.
Below are example interview questions for your field. In preparing for the interview,
you鈥檒l also want to review common interview questions (PDF) asked of all majors, thoroughly research the organization, dress professionally,
and visit the interview skills section of the Career Center鈥檚 website. You can practice your interview skills online
via or schedule a mock interview with a Career Center staff member.
Interview Questions
Public Health Related Questions
- How would you explain a health topic so that someone with no health background could
understand it?
- Describe a public health program you would create or improve.
- How would you address a public health challenge in a community with limited resources?
- Describe an example of how you applied skills you learned in a project or class.
- How would you evaluate whether a public health program is successful?
- Describe a situation where you had to lead or organize a team to achieve a goal.
- How would you communicate important health information during a public health emergency
(such as an outbreak or natural disaster)?
- Describe how you would use data to identify a health problem and guide your decisions.
- What ethical considerations are important in public health, and how would you handle
a situation involving confidentiality or trust?
- Tell me about a time you had to adapt to a challenge or unexpected change in a project
or team setting?
Case Management and Community Outreach Related Questions
- Describe your experience in social services, especially working with women, children
or chemical dependency.
- Describe how you go about establishing a relationship with a client.
- Describe how you motivate clients to change behaviors in their lives that keep them
from succeeding.
- Describe what actions you would take to engage a client who is using.
- Describe how you would prioritize demands on your time, such as needy clients, clients
in crisis, and paperwork.
- Describe any experiences you have had working in a client's home.
- What kind of things can you learn about a client in a home visit?
- What kinds of experiences have you had working with mentally ill clients? How about
threatening or violent behavior?
- Describe any experiences you have had working with children from birth to 3 years
old.
- Describe your 'approach' to case management.
- Describe your experience coordinating services with other providers.
- Describe what kinds of documentation you have had to do?
Professional Associations
Professional associations offer many benefits to students, often including reduced-price
membership, mentorship programs, 鈥渃areers in鈥︹ information, job and internship listings,
field-related conferences and publications, and much more. Be sure to check out sections
on the associations鈥 websites related to students, education, careers, etc.
Related 撸先生 Student Organizations
- 鈥 Affiliated with the Maryland Public Health Association; gives students hands-on
public health experience and networking opportunities
- Eco Reps
- Healthcare Leadership Academy
- Student Health and Wellbeing (SHAW) Peer Education